Head Protection

Head protection is used to prevent head injuries, such as those caused by falling or striking objects. In many work situations, wearing a safety helmet is mandatory.

The choice of the right helmet must always be based on the risks involved in the job. In this regard, not only the standard and CE marking are important, but also fit, comfort, and proper use.

Standards and Legislation

The current standard for industrial safety helmets is EN 397:2025. This standard replaces the previous version, EN 397:2012+A1:2012, and applies to safety helmets used in the EU. Safety helmets must also bear the CE mark and comply with the European PPE Regulation (EU) 2016/425.

Construction and Fit of the Safety Helmet

A safety helmet must fit the head properly and remain securely in place. The helmet shell must be lightweight, smooth on the outside, and free of damage.

There must be sufficient space between the head and the helmet shell to absorb energy in the event of an impact. The interior is adjustable, either manually or with a dial. A sweatband enhances comfort.

Ventilation holes can improve comfort, but are not always suitable—for example, in the presence of electrical hazards.

Type 1 and Type 2 Safety Helmets

EN 397:2025 distinguishes between two types of safety helmets.

• Type 1 primarily protects against impacts to the crown.
• Type 2 protects against impacts on and beside the crown and offers additional protection against side impacts.

Type 2 is better suited for work situations with an increased risk of falls or impacts.

Chin Strap and Retention System

Depending on the helmet type and the risk, a chin strap may be required.

For Type 1, the chin strap must release at a specific force to prevent the risk of strangulation.
For Type 2, the chin strap is mandatory and must keep the helmet securely in place during a fall or impact.

Accessories for the safety helmet

Accessories such as hearing protection, a face shield, or a light can be attached to a safety helmet. Always use accessories that have been tested and approved by the manufacturer for use with the helmet.

Combining products from different brands can reduce protective performance and is not recommended.

Service life of safety helmets

Safety helmets have a limited service life. This is influenced by use, UV light, and chemical exposure.

On average:

• Polyethylene: ± 3 years
• ABS or polycarbonate: ± 5 years
• Textile phenolic: ± 8 years
• Fiberglass: ± 10 years

Many helmets have a manufacturing date or UV indicator. Discoloration or exceeding the service life means the helmet must be replaced.

The interior also has a limited lifespan and wears out due to sweat and skin oils. After a severe impact, a safety helmet must always be replaced, even if there is no visible damage.

Maintenance and Inspection

Proper maintenance extends the service life and ensures reliable protection. Store safety helmets in a cool, dry, and dark place; do not leave them loose in the car or in direct sunlight.

Clean the helmet with water and mild soap. Do not use solvents. Regularly inspect the helmet shell, the interior, the adjustment system, and the chin strap. If in doubt, replace it.

Additional Standards and Applications

Depending on the risks, additional standards may be required:

• EN 50365 for electrical hazards
• EN 14052 for a higher level of protection in heavy industry
• EN 12492 for work at heights (in combination with EN 397:2025 Type 2)

The selection of additional standards must always be justified based on the RI&E.

Industrial impact-resistant caps

An industrial impact cap provides protection against minor impacts, such as from low-hanging obstacles. An impact cap is not a safety helmet and may only be used if there is no risk of falling objects.

Whether a protective cap or a safety helmet is required is always determined by the RI&E.

Choosing the Right Helmet

The type of head protection required depends on the work, the environment, and the risks. The RI&E specifies which type of helmet and which additional standards apply.

An expert supplier can help you make the right choice, ensuring that demonstrably safe and appropriate head protection is used.